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Volume 28 (Suppl1)
Volume 28, Supplement 1, Fall 2008
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2008; 28(Suppl1):S11
FOUNDATIONS OF CONTINUING EDUCATION
Abraham Flexner and the Roots of Interprofessional Education
John H. V. Gilbert
A b s t r a c t
This paper explores the culture underlying the practices of physicians and other health care providers in the 20th
century and implications for interprofessional education for collaborative practice in the 21st century. Today’s
practice of medicine flows from the 1920s work of Dr. Abraham Flexner recommending that North American medical
schools introduce rigor and consistency in teaching, moving them from private, for-profit, somewhat ad hoc
institutions to university affiliation employing physicians dedicated to teaching and research. The education of
physicians and other providers was transformed by Flexner’s work. However, a sequela has been the “stovepiping”
of professions, in both their education and their practices, with minimal interaction among professions, and provideror
system-centric care rather than patient-centric care. The result has been learning environments that lack sympathy
for interprofessional education and its concomitant of learning and working together.
Key Words: interprofessional, teamwork collaboration, interdisciplinary, education
Lessons for Practice
Across a number of countries attempting to develop interprofessional education programs during the past 20 years, several valuable lessons for practice have been learned. If IPE is to be sustained and become the modus for health professional education, at least three high-level, structural changes need to be implemented:
- Curriculum strategies that lead to the development of a comprehensive and coordinated approach to interprofessional education and training in teams and teamwork must be set in place across education and health systems.
- Evaluation programs that measure the effectiveness and efficiencies of interprofessional teams using, for example, the electronic health record must be established concurrently with the start of IPE programs.
- Standards for technical assistance and resources to support interprofessional education and interprofessional teams in their work must be agreed on systemwide.
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