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Volume 28 (3)
Volume 28, Issue 3, Summer 2008
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2008; 28(3):172
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Social interaction and participation: Formative evaluation of online CME modules
Jianfei Guan, Sarah Tregonning, Louanne Keenan
A b s t r a c t
Introduction: This exploratory study examines Canadian physicians’ participation in online social activities and
learning discussions, perceptions of online social closeness, barriers and motivators to participation, and perceptions
of the impact of course duration and face-to-face meetings on learning.
Methods: Formative evaluations were administrated to physicians participating in two online continuing medical
education (CME) courses. Responses were recorded and calculated by the Blackboard Learning SystemTM. Content
analysis was used to categorize comments and identify influencing factors. Online postings were counted to
measure participation in the learning activities.
Results: The participation rate of 158 physicians and 10 facilitators in online social activities was very low. Fortyfive
percent of responding participants reported that more time for discussion would help them learn more; 6%%
stated that the initial face-to-face meeting helped improve online social relations and increase peer interactions
online. Thirty-five percent of respondents reported participating in online social activities, while 29% had no time
to do so, and 18% were not interested in doing so. Thirty-five percent felt closer or more connected to their peers
after two discussion sessions; 11% did not feel closer because of their low participation; and 16% did not feel closer
because of inadequate peer interaction. On the two evaluations, 49% and 22% of respondents, respectively,
perceived lack of time and social bonding as major barriers to participating in learning discussion.
Discussion: Lack of time and peer response were given as the main reasons for low participation in social activity
and learning discussions. Time and social bonding were major barriers to learning discussion. Course usefulness
and participants’ desire, commitment, and time management skills helped overcome barriers. Facilitators needed
training in online systems and facilitation skills. Longer course duration and realistic pacing would probably foster
more social interaction and greater course participation.
Key Words: online social interaction, barriers to online participation, education, medical, continuing, formative
evaluation, formative
Lessons for Practice
- Social bonding should be incorporated into online education to increase participation.
- Ensure that facilitators are trained in online systems use and facilitation.
- Preparatory face-to-face meetings may increase subsequent online peer interactions.
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