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Volume 26 (2)
Volume 26, Issue 2, Spring 2006
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2006; 26(2):
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Information-Seeking Behaviors and Reflective Practice
Nancy L. Bennett
Linda L. Casebeer
Shimin Zheng
Robert Kristofco
A b s t r a c t
Introduction: As they care for patients, physicians raise questions, but they pursue only a
portion of them. Without the best information and evidence, care and patient safety may be
compromised. Understanding when and why problems prompt physicians to look for information
and integrate results into their knowledge base is critical and shapes one part of
reflection about care. This study explores the role of the Internet in gathering medical information
as one step in that reflective practice, the barriers to its use, and changes in utilization
over time.
Methods: A questionnaire with 18 items adapted from previous studies was sent by facsimile
to a randomly selected sample of U.S. physicians in all specialties and active in practice.
Results: Specific patient problems and latest research in a specific topic most often prompt
physicians to search on the Internet.Younger physicians and female physicians were most likely
to seek information on a specific patient problem. Only 9% of all respondents (n = 2,500)
searched for information during a patient encounter. When unsure about diagnostic and management
issues for a complex case, 41.3% chose to consult with a colleague or read from a text
(22.8%). Searching most often occurred at home after work (38.2%) or during breaks in the
day (35.7%). Most (68.7%) found the information they were looking for more than 51% of the
time. Searching was facilitated by knowing preferred sites and access in the clinical setting. The
greatest barriers to answering clinical questions included a lack of specific information and
too much information to scan.
Discussion: Although physicians are increasingly successful and confident in their Internet
searching to answer questions raised in patient care, few choose to seek medical information
during a patient encounter. Internet information access may facilitate overall reflection
on practice; physicians do not yet use this access in a just-in-time manner for immediately
solving difficult patient problems but instead continue to rely on consultation with colleagues.
Professional association Web sites and point-of-care databases are helpful. From
physicians’ use of the Internet, professionals in continuing medical education must learn
which search engines and sites are trusted and preferred.
Lessons for Practice
- The most common reason a physician seeks medical information on the Internet is a specific patient problem, and younger physicians and female physicians seek specific patient information most frequently
- Access in the clinical setting and previous experience enhance use of the Internet for clinical information seeking
- Knowing preferred sites facilitates Internet searching
- Training for residents and practitioners in identifying preferred sites may increase the success of finding medical
information through the Internet
- Skillful searching on the Internet is and will continue to be critical to gathering information as part of reflection on
practice
Key Words: information seeking, reflective practice, Internet searching, continuing professional
development, online CME
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