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Volume 22 (2)

Volume 22, Issue 2, Spring 2002 line
J Contin Educ Health Prof 2002; 22(2):69-76
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS

Thinking about learning: implications for principle-based professional education
Mann KV

A b s t r a c t

The understanding of teaching and learning in medical education has increased to improve medical education at all levels. Selected approaches to understanding learning provide a basis for eliciting principles that may inform and guide educational practice. In this article, these approaches are discussed from two perspectives: the cognitive and the environmental. The cognitive perspective includes activation of prior knowledge, elaboration of new learning, learning in context, transfer of learning, and organization of knowledge. The environmental perspective includes the dynamic interaction of learners with their environment, observational learning, incentives and rewards in the environment, goal setting and self-monitoring, self-efficacy, and situated learning. Implications are presented for facilitation of effective learning and support of the learning environment throughout the continuum of medical education.

Lessons for Practice
  • Assure early exposure to tasks such as those encountered in practice
  • Promote the adaptation of knowledge for use in clinical tasks
  • Elaborate new knowledge through discussion among learners
  • Create opportunities to reflect upon practice and learning
  • Recognize the importance of role
MeSH Terms: Curriculum; Education, Medical; Education, Medical, Continuing; Learning; Psychological Theory; Teaching

Publication Type: Review
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